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Friday, October 17, 2014

Rise of Social Media Campaigns: Personal, trustworthy, and immediate




When the ALS Ice-Bucket challenge was taking the world by storm, a different kind of bucket challenge drew the attention of Nepali youth: #FillTheBucket, a campaign where you donate a bucket with essentials like food, water purifier, sanitary napkins, etc for flood victims. Hot on the heels of the global sensation ALS Ice Bucket Challenge which received support as well as criticism for wastage of water, #FillTheBucket became quite popular in Nepal.

The use of social media for social campaigns is on the rise these days, with one or the other request popping up in our newsfeed every day. But only some of this content becomes viral while others are lost in the ever-renewing stream of online contents. Certain common factors underlie most of the campaigns that succeed.

The ALS Ice-Bucket challenge and #FillTheBucket challenge, both conducted primarily on social media, share many similarities (apart from the ‘bucket’). Writing for The Guardian, Jack Shepherd from Buzzfeed (a site famous for viral content) claims that two kinds of content go viral: one where users can post about themselves and one to which viewers have a strong positive response. Speaking at a TED talk, YouTube Trends Manager Kevin Allocca added three more qualities of viral content, particularly videos: tastemakers (celebrities) who highlight the content, communities of sharers, and unexpectedness.

The ALS Ice-Bucket challenge scores positive on all these counts: users could post about themselves, the challenge’s association with a cause brings up positive responses, celebrities helped make it more popular, communities helped spread it, and it was definitely unexpected.

Smaller-scale media campaigns like #FillTheBucket also score positive on most of these counts. There is an overwhelming positive feeling associated with #FillTheBucket. Contributors reached out to help because they believed they were doing something good for society through their step.

“Both of these campaigns are of human interest,” says Dharma Adhikari, General Secretary of Media Foundation. As a longtime observer and chronicler of media, Adhikari has noticed that content with human interest generate a high response from viewers.

But there are also many things that set small-scale humanitarian campaigns apart. Lacking the celebrity power that drives large-scale campaigns, smaller campaigns rely heavily on little circles of intimate acquaintances, or “community of sharers”, in the words of Allocca. These campaigns are very personal.


Roshani Tamang, 28, is a recent graduate of Business Administration, was moved by the plight of the flood victims in Sindhupalchok. She started an individual drive through social media to collect money for the victims. Her drive reached only her small circle of well-known individuals, and yet she managed to collect Rs. 320,000 from them.

Even #FillTheBucket relied on personal contacts for everything from bucket collection to transportation. While most of their contributions came from personal contacts, one batch of their buckets was transported for free by Yeti Travels.

Bibek Basnet, the Managing Director of Yeti Travel, was involved in the campaign since the beginning.

Binit Shrestha, Director of the IT Company House of Innovation and one of the organizers of #FillTheBucket, calls it a “purely citizen initiative” operated by a loose network of likeminded individuals.

What is lost through absence of celebrities is made up through trust, which is a crucial factor in these campaigns.

Pema Lama, 29, is a Nepali businessman currently in Delhi. He had been hearing about the natural disasters that struck Nepal this year from newspapers and social media, and had wanted to help in some way. As soon as he learnt that Roshani was collecting money for flood victims, he sent her Rs. 32,000 through a money transfer service, no questions asked. “I’ve known Roshani since school,” says Pema. “I know the kind of person she is, and I trusted her to do the right thing with my money.”

#FillTheBucket campaign received far higher responses – more than 2,000 buckets, each costing between Rs. 1,000-2,000 on average. But even on this scale, respondents cited the credibility of the organizers as the factor that motivated them.

“I’ve known them on social media for a long time,” says Aakar Anil, 26, Internet Marketing Specialist at Cloud Factory. Anil and a few friends had contributed buckets to the campaign with the belief that it would get delivered to the right place.

“It may not be in the form we want,” says Aakar. “The relief may not reach every needy family, or their needs may be greater than what we expect, but I’m sure the organizers are doing their best.”

Organizers have taken pains to maintain that credibility. Binit is up to date with the exact number of buckets they have received, and knows where each bucket was delivered. #FillTheBucket is coordinating with the local government at Bardiya to find out the neediest locations, and with Nepal Medical College to hold health camps for the victims.

Meanwhile, Roshani has listed, photographed and preserved the accounts of each donation she has received. She visited the Sunkoshi disaster site to find out whom she could help, and came back with a list of 32 victims. These were the persons given a “red card”: persons who had lost their families as well as property. She decided to help them over other victims who had only lost property. In the end, she gave Rs. 9,500 to each of the 32 victims at a public program, and has detailed records of miscellaneous expenses made with the collected money – some of it was spent on the transportation of the victims, and a small amount given to a fund created by the victims themselves.

Thus, transparency has become the hallmark of such campaigns. Aakar reported that he is keeping up with the updates of #FillTheBucket through social media, which assures him of the safe delivery of his contribution.

As an organizer, Binit feels that immediacy was an important plus point of #FillTheBucket campaign. “When we were out there delivering our relief materials, some NGOs were still having meetings about what to do,” says Binit.

Last but not least, unexpectedness is an important part of such campaigns, and that raises a question mark on their sustainability.

“It’s nothing new for something novel to go viral, even in the days of oral media,” says Dharma. “But today, their speed is much increased due to Internet.”

Every new form of media has gone viral in its time, Dharma lists among them email, facebook, twitter. Specific applications on all these media have also gone viral, because they too need to be updated to be always on the edge.

“#FillTheBucket was able to garner so much attention also partly because it piggybacked on the virality of the Ice-Bucket challenge right on time,” says Aakar.

But once the novelty factor fades, users get tired and are ready to hop on to the next bandwagon.

At the moment, individuals involved in one social campaign have done so with the intention of seeing it through. Binit updates that they are now revising the list of essentials in the bucket, because their original assumptions were not informed by the ground reality. For example, most flood victims did not know how to use sanitary pads or canned foods, and since health camps are being organized, medicines are redundant. Binit and his friends intend to work with the revised list and continue helping as long as they can.

But whether or not future campaigns initiated through social media can succeed is a matter of speculation. While Aakar believes that he will be ready to join campaigns for the right causes, Dharma opines that with social media, there is no telling what will happen next. Indeed, when you are wondering what the next viral campaign will be, expect the unexpected, which is the most important identifier of viral content.

Published in Republica on September 12

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