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Friday, April 04, 2014

Women at work: What keeps them back?



Theoretically, it is the age of equal opportunities. Maybe more than equal, since many offices give preference to females during the recruitment phase. But still, many women do not feel completely comfortable in office environments, even those who have been given every opportunity to excel. The duties of home and hearth, coupled with some unwritten rules of discrimination, contribute to haunt women at workplaces.

Gyanu Pandey, Professor of Nepali Literature, once used to be a journalist. She sent word to a prominent politician that she would come to interview him the next day. When she reached his house, she was not given audience for a long time. She asked his PA to tell him that she was waiting, and only then did the politician appear. “Oh it’s you!” said he. “But my PA told me it was a woman!”

Such outright discrimination, when the politician had assumed that a woman cannot be a journalist, is rare today but has not been completely eradicated. Younger women continue to be underestimated and passed over just because they are women.

Shikha Bagla, an aspiring Chartered Accountant currently doing her articleship (three-year internship for CAs), feels that her male colleagues are handed important assignments more often than her. “Women can’t really handle major projects” is something she gets a lot, but when she studies her male colleagues’ reports to see if they have done anything better, she finds no difference in the quality.

In this era of positive discrimination, such direct bias has reduced by much. And yet, women continue to face insubordination from juniors like clerks and drivers, or even clients.

Umi Joshi, administrative assistant at WWF, wonders if it is because women are so soft and feminine. “Do we have to be commanding like men to be obeyed?” she asks thoughtfully, bringing up a complicated question of what femininity means in the first place. Is femininity always soft? Should women learn to be forceful to be heard at work? A cursory analysis may say so, but the truth is far more complicated than an easy yes or no answer.

One reason women lose their confidence at work is when femininity is discussed in traditional perspectives. Shikha gets uncomfortable when her male colleagues talk about actresses and models, and not in the most polite language. They ignore the presence of female colleagues, and the fact that sexist jokes may offend them. Sometimes, the talk may veer to personal issues, for example, someone may say “I need to get married because I need a dishwasher.” Reacting to such statements invites conflicts or the label of ‘feminist,’ while not reacting makes the women feel insulted.

Advices like “Take the Teej fast, as every good woman should,” or “Girls shouldn’t drink” abound in workplaces. Public space is just an extension of private space for these commentators, effective dumping ground for private ideologies. Women surrounded by such ideologies day in and day out end up feeling harassed for no reason, when these issues are unrelated to work and should have no bearing on the work environment.
Our social rules are changing, and many have learnt to keep offending opinions to themselves at work. But handling relationships at work remains a problem for women. For Shikha, keeping good relations with clients is a part of her duties. A man in her post may easily ask a client out to coffee or even drinks, but if a woman does the same, it gives out a different message. Things may get out of hand pretty soon and they start getting late night personal calls. When they try to keep their distance, clients complain that this particular woman is rude. Senior management do not understand such predicaments, and may instead turn around and reprimand junior female officers for not keeping good relations with clients.

Women feel comfortable if there are senior women in the management with whom they can talk about these issues. Having senior women in the management has many other benefits. “A woman can come in and tell me it’s that time of the month, and I will understand,” says Raveena Desraj Shrestha, Chief Business Officer at Mega Bank.

Raveena used to be a dresser in her younger days, paying a lot of attention to grooming. This immediately slotted her in the ‘Barbie Doll’ category for many, and she had to go out of her way to prove that she had brains. But now that she herself is in a senior position, she makes sure her juniors are well groomed, and does not tolerate any judgments based on appearances.

But that is not all. Hira Acharya, Under Secretary at HSEB, recounts that sometimes women hesitate to ask even work-related questions to supervisors, for fear of being laughed at. Even more, they are afraid of hearing the predictable “No wonder you don’t know much, women never do!” Surrounded by men, there is the pressure to prove that you are capable. If not, you risk labeling the entire female fraternity a failure. In more diverse environments, everyone feels comfortable to speak up about their doubts and challenges.

Women are known to be empathetic and intuitive and international researches tell us that women are sincere at work. Testimonials from employees in widely read business magazines tell us that women make good managers. And yet, women are mostly seen only in low to mid-level management, and not at the top.

“Theoretically, the opportunities are out there for anyone to grab,” says Umi, “And yet, there is this invisible glass ceiling which restricts women from advancing after a certain step.”

In the previous eras of homo-socializing, when men were friends with men only and women with women, women had few senior persons to socialize with. But men often socialized before or after work with colleagues, which created a bond between them. When two people compete for promotion, this bond may prove a crucial decisive factor, all else considered.

Many women of that generation bear the grudge of being left out of the promotion loop. “Why is it that I’m one of the first two females to become a Professor in the Department of Nepali Literature?” asks Gyanu who only got the coveted highest post in academia a few months ago. “It’s not that there were no qualified women before me, but somehow it was easy to pass them over.”

In these changing times, socializing in mixed groups has become normal. And yet, women often do not have the time to socialize because of responsibilities at home. With the birth of children, demands on time increase dramatically for women, but only marginally for men. No wonder when asked about what can be done to make offices women-friendly, Raveena does not skip a beat before saying “crèches.” These responsibilities mean that women may not have as much energy as a male counterpart to give to work. This also means that women depart from work earlier than male counterparts, cutting out their socializing time.

Ultimately, we come to the question of how to change things for the better. As a gender studies expert, Gyanu is wary of playing the gender card all the time. “The problems women face are definitely bigger, but focusing only on women may create imbalance in society in favor of women,” says she. The focus should be on changing all of society, not just women.

International pressures and scrutiny have raised our awareness of gender issues, and most offices, especially multinationals, have already prohibited discrimination. Testimonials from women indicate that increasing not just the quality but also quantity of women in workplaces contributes to women-friendly environments. With more and more women joining the workforce, perhaps the day is not far when women can feel as comfortable at workplace as their male counterparts.

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