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Friday, April 04, 2014

Reflection after a discussion on federalism with editors


What (most of) our editors think about inclusion in the newsroom, and why I disagree

Recently I was invited to a discussion on how media has presented federalism, and how it should present federalism in the future. The first half was, to say the least, very enlightening. Editors of prominent media talked about how Nepali media is event driven, which is why events and leaders’ speeches get more coverage than the structure of states in federalism. Also, emotional issues like identity and number of states have overshadowed substantive debates on the mechanisms of state division. 

One editor’s point, that perhaps these emotional issues are required to raise the issue of rights, was thought provoking, because indeed, the issue of decentralization and devolution of power have been brought up again and again, but no concrete steps had been taken until the emotional issues of identity took centre-stage, which then propelled stakeholders into action. 

Regarding whether or not federalism is necessary, only one out of the five editors categorically stated that federalism, or the division of states, is not necessary. What is required is the devolution of power. I agree with him, even though for everyone else it was an agenda that we could not go back on, having been mandated by the people. I have doubts regarding that, because as one of the editors himself said, every party has been grey on federalism in their agendas. I was out in the streets in 2006 protesting against certain things, and I don’t remember endorsing federalism. I assume it is the same with most people who gave the parties their “mandate.” They supported the parties to solve immediate problems, not necessarily because they wanted federalism.

And then a journalist opened the Pandora’s Box by asking about inclusion. Newsrooms are not very inclusive, said he, and could that have contributed to a one-sided discussion of federalism among the public? No no, said the editors, all but one. We select journalists based on competence, not inclusion. I never try to make my newsroom inclusive, said one. I receive a lot of criticism for having the least number of women in my newsroom, said another. 

The journalist again pointed out that international studies indicate that there is a direct correlation between the composition of a newsroom and the news it produces. The program organizer had said in the beginning, when he gave a background to the program, that there is very little understanding of federalism among the public, and what is there is negative—people think of it as a ‘desh tukryaune’ tactic. But that is exactly the perception of the high caste males that dominate the newsroom! Like the Madhesi journalist pointed out, if you listen to radio programs operated by madhesi journalists, the perspective is completely different. Editors harped on ‘competence’ for a long time, but this example makes it evident that journalists’ bias is taking over competence their reporting. 

Editors may claim that neither they nor their reporters are biased, but your bias is not something that you can see yourself. At least, not people of normal intelligence. Editors are supposed to be above normal intelligence though. By insisting on this ‘quality,’ which probably means good writing skills, editors are missing out on the balanced viewpoint that could emerge from a diverse newsroom. 

As stated above, personally I am not for federalism, but here I was outraged for those who are: to hear that editors thought others’ opinion did not matter, that their little clique of likeminded cronies was sufficient. They had the audacity to believe they could think for the whole country, and that the difference in schools of thought brought about by socio-economic upbringing is not important. 

Editors put up ludicrous claims to justify their stance, from ‘I have seen writers from one dalit community ask me to kill a story by a writer of the same community’(writers from every community do that, even your high caste males that dominate your newsroom do that. That does not make a case against not having them, nor make them less ‘competent’) to ‘we have done a report of madhesh by a bahun that was highly appreciated’ (but you have nothing to compare it to. How do you know a madheshi would not have said something different? For millennia men have been writing humiliating treatises about women, which have been highly appreciated and applauded by men, their primary audience. Giving opinions and receiving applause from a tiny echo-chamber does not say much about the comprehensiveness of your reports.)

Now, it is no secret to anyone in the journalism community that editorials are written by editorial teams, though under the editor’s supervision and approval. Having worked in the editorial team, I know exactly how inclusion matters. Editorial is taken as the voice of authority, actually, all of media—to those outside the media fraternity, but editorials even more so. When I write about women’s issues in the editorial, it is very different from the way my male colleagues. Despite the fact that my colleagues were very nice, most undiscriminating, and sympathetic to women, they just could not understand the finer nuances of, for example, what menstruation rituals meant to women (not just a means for ensuring hygiene, but also for ensuring women’s secondary place in society, their obedience in terms of religion, and a means to bar them from religious decision-making which have far flung implications), how abortion is perceived (several socio-cultural factors lie behind every decision to abort, but mainstream media portrays only the woman as question as guilty for abortion). But hitherto, few of these views had been regarded as authoritative, simply because there have been fewer women in the media. Injecting a little bit of women’s viewpoint was a step towards a balanced discourse on these issues.

Perhaps the most disheartening comment about inclusion was when editor said that inclusion may be relevant in other sectors, but not in journalism. Journalists set the agenda for the whole country, journalists make opinions. And the point of federalism is not just to ensure access to resources but also to information and to opinion making. Without this access, people have no way of correcting the biases and misinformation against them, or of raising their agendas. If, without the participation of marginalized groups, a small group could raise everyone’s agenda, then we would never have arrived at this unequal society in the first place. We are here because every group that controls knowledge thinks only of itself. Inclusion is, first and foremost, important in the place where information is created. Only a diverse team at this level has any chance of creating a discourse that is, through a dialectic process of give and take, balanced. 

After that, I could not concentrate on anything else. My mind was so disturbed by this unanimous show against inclusion that I have absolutely no memory of what the rest of the session was like.

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