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Friday, April 04, 2014

Tiny tots, heavy loads



Shriyam Parajuli knows the names of all the months in sequence, can do double-digit addition and subtraction, match the names of animals with their young, and write her name in Nepali and complete sentences about her life in English. She is only five years old, and she is no child prodigy. She has learnt all this in preparation for the flurry of entrance tests for Grade One that she attended last week. Her mother Anita barely had time to rest that week, picking her daughter from one entrance exam and dropping her off at another.

This story is very familiar to parents with preschool-age children. For this is the season of school admissions where one or the other reputed school in the Valley has an entrance test everyday. In recent years, these exams have taken on mythical proportions, they are no less of a competition than getting into renowned engineering or medical schools. But these children are much, much younger than their teenaged counterparts, and the premature burden of examinations sits heavy on these fragile shoulders.

Just as SLC graduates go to bridge courses and Plus Two graduates to MBBS preparation classes, many toddlers attend coaching classes specially tailored for entrance examinations. The tuition costs start from Rs. 5,000 for a three-month course to Rs. 15,000 for a fifteen-day course. Entrance examinations include English, Nepali, Mathematics and Science, and the coaching syllabus is tailored accordingly.

“We provide the service that the market demands,” says Rajan Subedi, Education Coordinator of St. Xavier’s Academy at Bag Bazaar. The children are coached for an hour and a half for three months, during which they give weekly exams on model question papers. They are not required to pass these exams to graduate.

Parents who do not trust the indifferent teaching methods of coaching institutions tutor their children at home. They use specially prepared books modeled on entrance examinations of reputed schools. Anita, Monitoring and Evaluation Assistant at WWF, reports that she spent more than Rs. 1,000 on the books alone. And for those parents who want to increase the chances of their child’s admission, there is the even more exclusive method of home tutors. Alumni and schoolchildren from schools like St. Xavier’s and St. Mary’s are highly in demand for these services.

“Since we don’t even know which schools to choose, having someone who went to a reputed school tutor my child was very helpful,” says Chandra Shivakoti, a resident of Koteshwor, who hired a tutor for about three months at an average cost of Rs.100 per day. “Alumni are familiar with the system and examination style at their school and can guide the child through it well.” His daughter was admitted to St. Mary’s two years ago.

After such heavy preparation, parents develop high expectations of their children. “Please make my months of effort successful,” one parent desperately prayed to her child as she sent him off to give the entrance at St. Xavier’s School. But some tiny tots do not even know that they have exams, let alone the significance of the moment. They end up becoming nervous, some even crying during their exams. More so since the hustle and bustle of the examination is such a contrast to the protected environs at preschools where they are treated very gently and in small groups.

Schools do their best to handle these tumultuous moments. “We bring the parents in if the child panics,” says Neeraj Thapa, school staff of St. Xavier’s School. But at the end of the day, these children are very young: many end up dropping the examination out of nervousness even if they know the answers. In such environments, some parents consider it an achievement if their child simply manages to coolly sit through the examination at a reputed school.

Most preschools today keep these pressures in mind when they design the curriculum. Children are taught well in advance that they should go to the toilet before they enter the examination hall, they should say “excuse me” if they need to leave in the middle, and other such technical details. “Among other things, my child was taught to have eye-to-eye contact with the interviewer during the interview,” says Muna Shakya*, mother of a five-year-old daughter. Not surprisingly, the curriculum of preschools too is modeled on the entrance question papers of reputed schools.

But after all this preparation, not every child gets into the school of their (parents’) choice. At St. Xavier’s, one of the most reputed schools of Nepal, more than 5,000 children compete for 200 seats, meaning every child has less than four percent chance of getting into the school. Other schools, like St. Mary’s or Little Angels, receive fewer applications per seat, but the competition is still very tough.

Parents are aware of this, and as backup, register their children at many schools for entrance exams. The week of entrance examinations is one scramble after another for these parents who try to make it to all the schools without stressing themselves and upsetting their work timings too much. “When I went to these schools, I saw many familiar faces doing the rounds with me,” remembers Anita.

But the parents’ stress may be the least of the problems, since the children themselves are at risk of taking the examination results too seriously.

Bina Gurung, founder of Bina’s Keta Keti Pre-School, has been working with children for many years and is familiar with the post-examination trauma that toddlers face. “I hear them telling everyone excitedly that they will go to school XYZ,” says Bina, “but of course, not every child does, and those who don’t become sad.”
In an effort to prepare them for alternate possibilities, she tells them that entrance examinations are like lottery, it is just a matter of luck. But this does not convince every child. Parents offhandedly say that their child has failed and take the child to the next school. But the stamp of ‘failure’ sticks on the child’s mind, sometimes causing trauma and affecting the child’s confidence for long. Ultimately, parents’ hunt for the ‘best ‘school in town leaves the child with the impression of how important it is to compete and win, and not necessarily of the importance of good education.

Instead, avoiding competitive examinations at such an early age can help make the education system child-friendly. Suprabhat Ghimire, President of Guardians’ Association Nepal, suggests that schools choose some other method for admission, like maybe first-come-first-serve, which can deflect such trauma.

In recent times, schools have also been facing criticism from educationists who question the very point of entrance examinations. Labeling such competitions ‘unhealthy,’ Bina goes on to state that schools only want to take brilliant students so that they don’t have to work too hard at teaching them. Indeed, schools should be the place to start learning, not a place where your abilities are questioned before you even start.
Each child has different capacities, and not all of them should, or even can, be judged by the same standards. The priority should be getting the best possible education for the child, but without putting the child to pressures more than his/her capacity.


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